What common artifact may cause a "mirror image" effect in ultrasound?

The "mirror image" effect in ultrasound is specifically linked to the mirror artifact. This artifact occurs when ultrasound waves reflect off a strong reflector—such as a diaphragm or a mirror-like surface—and create a secondary image of a structure that is actually located deeper than the true anatomical location. In this case, the ultrasound machine misinterprets the strong echo and displays a duplicate image on the screen, producing the appearance of a structure where it is not. This is characteristic of the mirror artifact, wherein the duplicated echo appears symmetrical to the real structure with respect to the strong reflector.

Understanding this artifact is essential for sonographers, as it can lead to misinterpretation of images if one is not able to distinguish between actual anatomy and the misleading rendition caused by the mirror artifact. Recognizing this effect helps in accurately assessing the anatomical locations being examined, thereby enhancing the overall diagnostic process.