What does the Quad Screen test include?

The Quad Screen test is a blood test commonly used in prenatal screening to assess the risk of certain genetic disorders and abnormalities in a developing fetus. The components of the Quad Screen specifically include four biomarkers: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), unconjugated Estriol, and Inhibin A.

Each of these components serves a unique purpose. AFP is a protein produced by the fetal liver, and abnormal levels can indicate potential neural tube defects or Down syndrome. hCG is produced during pregnancy and is typically associated with chromosomal abnormalities; elevated or decreased levels can help assess risk factors. Unconjugated estriol is an estrogen produced by both the placenta and the fetus, and its levels can provide insights into fetal well-being and the risk of certain conditions. Inhibin A is produced by the placenta and ovaries, and it also plays a role in assessing the risk of Down syndrome.

In contrast, the other answer choices do not accurately represent what the Quad Screen test assesses. For instance, having only AFP and hCG in one option lacks the necessary components to be classified as a Quad Screen. Options that focus on different hormones like estradiol, FSH, or LH are not