What does the term "pericardial effusion" refer to?

The term "pericardial effusion" specifically refers to the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac, which is the fibrous outer layer surrounding the heart. This can occur due to various factors such as infections, inflammation, trauma, or certain medical conditions, and it can affect the heart's ability to function properly by putting pressure on the heart and possibly leading to complications like cardiac tamponade. Understanding this term is crucial for diagnostic medical sonography, as sonographers often use ultrasound to evaluate the heart and surrounding structures, including any abnormal fluid collections. This situational awareness allows for appropriate identification and management of conditions that affect the pericardium.