Which imaging modality is often used to confirm the location of an ectopic pregnancy?

Ultrasound is frequently utilized to confirm the location of an ectopic pregnancy due to its non-invasive nature, the ability to visualize pelvic structures in real-time, and the lack of ionizing radiation. Transvaginal ultrasound, in particular, provides high-resolution images of the uterus and surrounding areas, enabling sonographers to identify masses, fluid collections, and the presence of a gestational sac outside the uterus.

In the case of ectopic pregnancy, which occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, ultrasound allows for the assessment of the adnexa (the area adjacent to the uterus, including the ovaries and fallopian tubes), where an ectopic pregnancy may occur. It can also help evaluate any associated complications, such as internal bleeding, that can arise from a ruptured ectopic pregnancy.

Other imaging modalities like X-ray are not utilized for this purpose, as they do not provide the detail necessary for soft tissue evaluation. CT scans may be used in cases of acute abdomen or to assess complications, but they are not the first choice due to ionizing radiation. MRI, while capable of providing detailed images, is rarely used in this context due to higher costs, longer scan times, and the fact that ultrasound is typically sufficient for diagnosis.